banking history
By Ted Dunlap, on March 19th, 2013
http://www.bitterrootbugle.com/banking-history/
This was a major undertaking. I undoubtedly missed most of it and likely got a few details wrong, but you can get a whole lot of What the heck happened to our money, our free country and our world right here. I strongly encourage you to share. I will use this as a reference work for a long time to come. I encourage you to do that too.
These are the strings that control the puppet show
48 B.C.
Julius Caesar took back from the money changers the power to coin money and then minted coins for the benefit of all. With this new, plentiful supply of money, he established many massive construction projects and built great public works. By making money plentiful, Caesar won the love of the common people.
But the money changers hated him for it and this is why Caesar was assassinated. Immediately after his assassination came the demise of plentiful money in Rome, taxes increased, as did corruption. Eventually the Roman money supply was reduced by 90 per cent, which resulted in the common people losing their lands and homes.
1694
Following a costly series of wars over the last 50 years, English Government officials go, cap in hand, to the money changers for loans necessary to pursue their political purposes. The money changers agree to solve this problem in exchange for a government sanctioned privately owned bank which could issue money created out of nothing. The Bank of England would loan government officials as much of the new currency as they wanted, as long as they secured the debt by direct taxation of the British people. The Bank of England amounted to nothing less than the legal counterfeiting of a national currency for private gain
1764
Benjamin Franklin is asked by officials of the Bank of England to explain the prosperity of the colonies in America. He replies,
That is simple. In the Colonies we issue our own money. It is called Colonial Scrip. We issue it in proper proportion to the demands of trade and industry to make the products pass easily from the producers to the consumers. In this manner creating for ourselves our own paper money, we control its purchasing power, and we have no interest to pay anyone.
As a result of Franklins statement, the British Parliament hurriedly passed the Currency Act of 1764. This prohibited colonial officials from issuing their own money and ordered them to pay all future taxes in gold or silver coins. Referring to after this act was passed, Franklin would state the following in his autobiography,
In one year, the conditions were so reversed that the era of prosperity ended, and a depression set in, to such an extent that the streets of the colonies were filled with the unemployed The colonies would gladly have borne the little tax on tea and other matters had it not been that England took away from the colonies their money which created unemployment and dissatisfaction.
The viability of the colonists to get power to issue their own money permanently out of the hands of King George III and the international bankers was the prime reason for the revolutionary war.
1776-1790:
U.S. Independence Free Banking -no formal central bank.
1780
Thomas Jefferson was adamant: I sincerely believe the banking institutions having the issuing power of money are more dangerous to liberty than standing armies
1790
Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass the Assumption Act where the Federal Government assumed States debts. In 1791 Congress chartered the Bank of The United States. Congress passes the Coinage Act in 1792 which establishes a U.S. mint. Hamilton resigned as Secretary of the Treasury in 1793. It is reported that Hamilton was paid by the Rothschild family for this service.
This bank came into being after a year of intense debate and was given a 20 year charter. It was given a monopoly on printing United States currency even though 80% of its stock was held by private investors. The other 20% was purchased by the United States government, but this was not to give it a piece if the action, but to provide the capital for the private investors to purchase the other 80%.
As with the Bank of England and the old Bank of North America, these private investors never paid the full agreed amount for their shares. What happened was through the fraudulent system of fractional reserve banking, the governments 20% stake which was $2,000,000 in cash, was used to make loans to its private investors to purchase the other 80% stake, £8,000,000, for this risk free investment.
Again like the Bank of England and the old Bank of North America, the name, First Bank of the United States, was deliberately chosen to hide from the common people the fact that it was privately owned. The names of the investors in this bank were never revealed, although it is widely believed that the Rothschilds were behind it.
1811
A bill was put before Congress to renew the charter of the First Bank of the United States. The legislatures of both Pennsylvania and Virginia pass resolutions asking Congress to kill the bank. The national press openly attack the bank calling it: a great swindle; a vulture; a viper; and a cobra.
Nathan Rothschild gets in on the act and makes the following revealing statement as to who was really behind the First Bank of the United States, Either the application for renewal of the charter is granted, or the United States will find itself involved in a most disastrous war.
Congress Refused to renew the charter for the Bank of the United States & the bank is closed.
1812-1815
War breaks out with Britain.
1815
Nathan Rothschild sent a trusted courier named Rothworth to Waterloo where he stayed on the edge of the battlefield. Once the battle was decided, Rothworth took off for the Channel, and delivered the news of Wellingtons victory to Nathan Rothschild a full 24 hours before Wellingtons own courier.
Nathan Rothschild hurried to the London Stock market and stood in his usual position. All eyes were on him as Rothschild had a legendary communications network. Rothschild stood there looking forlorn and suddenly started selling. The other traders believed that this meant he had heard that Napoleon had won so they all started selling frantically.
The market subsequently plummeted, soon everyone was selling their consuls (British Government Bonds), but then Rothschild secretly started buying them all up through his agents on the floor, for a fraction of what they were worth only hours before. A lot of these consuls were able to be converted to Bank of England stock, which is how Rothschild took over the control of the Bank of England and therefore the British money supply.
1815
The Second Bank of the United States is authorized, was chartered in 1816, and opened in 1817.
1828
After 12 years during which the Second Bank of the United States, ruthlessly manipulated the American economy to the detriment of the people but to the benefit of their own money grabbing ends, the American people had unsurprisingly had enough. Opponents of this bank nominated Senator Andrew Jackson of Tennessee to run for President.
To the dismay of the money changers, Jackson won the Presidency and made it quite clear he intended to kill this bank at his first opportunity. He started out during his first term in office, to root out the banks many minions from government service. To illustrate how deep this cancer was rooted in government, he fired 2,000 of the 11,000 employees of the Federal Government.
1834
Jackson removed all government deposits from the Rothschilds Second Bank of the United States In December of 1834, President Jackson declared that the national debt will be paid off. The next month there was an assassination attempt on Jackson.
The bank, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it!
You are a den of vipers and thieves.
I intend to rout you out, and by the eternal God I will rout you out.
1836
Overriding Congress, Jackson closed the Bank of the United States commenting: The bold effort the present bank had made to control the government are but premonitions of the fate that await the American people should they be deluded into a perpetuation of this institution or the establishment of another like it.
1838
On January 8th President Jackson pays off the final installment of the national debt, which had been necessitated by allowing the banks to issue currency for government bonds, rather than simply issuing treasury notes without such debt. He was the only President to ever pay off the debt.
On January 30th an assassin called Richard Lawrence tried to shoot President Jackson, but both pistols misfired. Lawrence was later found not guilty by reason of insanity. However, after his release he openly bragged that powerful people in Europe had put him up to the task and promised to protect him if he were caught.
When asked what his most important accomplishment had been in life, President Jackson stated without hesitation, I killed the Bank!
1841
Congressional Bills to establish a new national bank were twice vetoed by President Tyler.
1849
Zachary Taylor 12th President of the United States
No country could prosper without an able independent judiciary, and a sound currency.
The idea of a national bank is dead, and will not be revived in my time.
1850
Taylor died after eating a bowl of cherries and milk
rumor is he was killed by arsenic poisoning.
1857-1861
James Buchanan the 15th President of the United States opposed a privately owned central bank. He suffered from arsenic poisoning whereas thirty eight other people at the banquet died.
1861
Lincoln said, The money powers prey upon the nation in times of peace and conspire against it in times of adversity. The banking powers are more despotic than a monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy. They denounce as public enemies all who question their methods or throw light upon their crimes. I have two great enemies, the Southern Army in front of me and the bankers in the rear. Of the two, the one at my rear is my greatest foe.
February 1863
Congress established another National Banking system. The bankers were intending to charge between 24% and 36% interest rates for money to finance the war. To avoid the interest, Lincoln ordered the printing of $450 million in bank notes guaranteed by the U.S. government.
Apr 14, 1865,
Lincoln was assassinated and Congress revoked the Greenback Law and enacted, in its place, the National Banking Act supporting privately owned national banks. The associates of the President Lincolns assassin were according to many, on the payroll of the Rothschilds. The Nation was thrown into a state of constant debt, paying interest to bankers who created cash. Following Lincolns assassination, Andrew Johnson, whom many have shown was involved in the assassination, became President.
December 18, 1865
A NEW Thirteenth Amendment was ratified ignoring the existing properly ratified 13th Amendment which eliminated citizenship of persons who swore allegiance to other Nations or secret societies.
1872
Ernest Seyd is sent to America on a mission from the Rothschild owned Bank of England. He is given $100,000 which he is to use to bribe as many Congressmen as necessary, for the purposes of getting silver demonetized, as it had been found in huge quantities in the American West, which would eat into Rothschilds profits.
1873
Ernest Seyd obviously spent his money wisely, as Congress pass the, Coinage Act, which results in the minting of silver dollars being abruptly stopped. Furthermore, Representative Samuel Hooper, who introduced the bill in the house, even admitted that Ernest Seyd had actually drafted the legislation.
1876
Due to the manipulation of the money supply in America, one third of the workforce is unemployed and unrest is growing.
1877
Rioting breaks out from Pittsburgh to Chicago. The bankers get together to decide what to do and they decided to hang on, as they knew that despite the violence, they were now firmly back in control. They agreed
that you will also withhold patronage from all applicants who are not willing to oppose the government issue of money
.
To repeal the Act creating bank notes, or to restore to circulation issue of money will be to provide the people with money and will therefore seriously affect our individual profits as bankers and lenders. See your Congressman at once and engage him to support our interests that we may control legislation.
1881
President James A. Garfield was inaugurated in 1881, he said Whoever controls the volume of money in any country is absolute master of all industry and commerce.
July 2, 1881
Garfield was shot, he dies on September 19.
1891
The money changers spent the last decade creating economic booms followed by depressions, so that they could buy up thousands of homes and farms for pennies on the dollar. They were preparing to take the economy down again in the near future, and in a shocking memo sent out by the American Bankers Association, which would come out in the Congressional Record more than twenty years later, the following is stated,
On September 1st 1894 we will not renew our loans under any consideration. On September 1st we will demand our money. We will foreclose and become mortgages in possession. We can take two-thirds of the farms west of the Mississippi, and thousands of them east of the Mississippi as well, at our own price
Then the farmers will become tenants as in England
,
1891
Rothschilds/Samuel oil contract began.
1892
Samuels Shell Oil Murex sails through the Suez Canal. A year later Shell Oil add 10 more tankers to the fleet.
1893
Alphonse de Rothschild meets with Standard Oil (Rockefeller) to discuss cartel.
1896
Theodore Hertzel begins the Zionist campaign to create Israel. Rothschild wanted to protect their oil interests but they needed a political and military watchdog over the Suez Canal and the State of Israel was created. They wanted a militant and battle-hardened Israel and no pushovers.
1897-1901
President William McKinley. The legal tool used by President McKinley and Sherman against the European bankers was the law known as the Sherman Antitrust Act which was first brought to bear against the Rothschild supported and funded JP Morgan financial empire known as the Northern Trust who by the late 1800s owned nearly all of Americas railroads.
September 6, 1901
President McKinley is shot by an assassin, he dies on September 14.
September 14, 1901
Theodore Roosevelt becomes President. One of Roosevelts first acts was to drop the United States government lawsuits against the Northern Trust and accelerate the American age known as Manifest Destiny which continues to this day and basically gives these Central Bankers the power to plunder the entire World for profit and gain above all else.
April 14, 1912
The last chance to thwart the European plan to establish a Central Bank in the United States ended on with the deliberate sinking of the RMS Titanic by British agents that killed one of the orders members named Major Archibald Willingham Butt along with the American business tycoons John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim and Isidor Straus who were returning to the United States from Great Britain after what they believed was a successful negotiation with the Rothschilds to leave America alone under threat of war
With the last obstacles removed from creating a Central Bank in the United States with the sinking of the Titanic the European banking powers forced through the American legal system what is known as the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 (aka: The Creature from Jekyll Island).
In a related aside, with Astors death, Nikola Tesla lost his sponsor. His inventions posed serious competition to the fledgling oil and electrical power generating industries. We will never know what we and the world lost in the North Atlantic, but some gained tremendously.
1913
In exchange for financial support for his presidential campaign, Woodrow Wilsons agreed that if elected, he would sign the Federal Reserve Act. In December 1913, while many members of Congress were home for Christmas, the Federal Reserve Act was rammed through Congress and signed by President Wilson. Regarding his actions Wilson later admitted. I have unwittingly ruined my country.
The Fed became law the day before Christmas Eve, in the year 1913, and shortly afterwards, the German International bankers, Kuhn, Loeb and Co. sent one of their partners here to run it
1914
The start of World War I. In this war, the German Rothschilds loaned money to the Germans, the British Rothschilds loaned money to the British, and the French Rothschilds loaned money to the French.
1915
J. P. Morgan became the sales agent for the, War Materials Board, to both the British and the French engaged in World War I, and becomes the biggest consumer on the planet, spending 10 million dollars a day. Furthermore, President Woodrow Wilson appointed banker, Bernard Baruch, to head the, War Industries Board. According to historian, James Perloff, both Bernard Baruch and the Rockefellers profited by approximately 200 million dollars during World War I.
May 7, 1915
A German U-boat torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania, a British ocean liner en route from New York to Liverpool, England. Of the more than 1,900 passengers and crew members on board, more than 1,100 perished, including more than 120 Americans.
The German embassy had placed a full-page ad adjacent to the Lusitanias ad, warning Americans not to travel via British-flagged vessels. The captain of the Lusitania ignored the British Admiraltys recommendations to avoid the U-boat area altogether or at least run at high speed and steer a zig-zag course. The British did not escort the Lusitania nor run it in convoy as was standard practice.
It was revealed that the Lusitania was carrying about 173 tons of war munitions for Britain. This sinking was used as justification for the USA to enter the war.
1916
President Wilson began to realize the gravity of the damage he had done to America, by unleashing the Federal Reserve on the American people. He stated,
We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled governments in the civilized world no longer a government of free opinion, no longer a government by a vote of the majority, but a government by the opinion and duress of a small group of dominant men.
Some of the biggest men in the United States, in the field of commerce and manufacture, are afraid of something. They know there is a power somewhere so organized, so subtle, so watchful, so interlocked, so complete, so pervasive, that they had better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it.
1917
The money changers never forgave the Tsars of Russia for both continually opposing their request to set up a central bank in Russia, as well as their support of President Lincoln during the Civil War. Therefore, Jacob Schiff, a Rothschild, spent 20 million dollars through his firm, Kuhn, Loeb & Co., in financing the Russian Revolution.
It is commonly believed that Communism is the opposite of Capitalism, so why would these capitalists support it? Respected researcher, Gary Allen, explains it as follows, If one understands that socialism is not a share-the-wealth program, but it is in reality a method to consolidate and control the wealth, then the seeming paradox of super-rich men promoting socialism becomes no paradox at all. Instead it becomes logical, even the perfect tool of power seeking megalomaniacs. Communism, or more accurately socialism, is not a movement of the downtrodden masses, but of the economic elite.
1919
In January the Paris Peace Conference takes place following the end of World War I. The bankers put World Government at the top of their agenda, and Paul Warburg and Bernard Baruch attend this conference with President Wilson. To the bankers dismay, the world was not yet ready to dissolve national boundaries and accept World Government, so that part of their plan had failed. The plan for World Government was called the, League Of Nations, and although many nations accepted this proposal, the United States Congress would not support it, and thus without the support of money from the United States Treasury, the bankers had failed and the League Of Nations died.
1923
On August 2nd, President Warren Harding died on a train in mysterious circumstances. The cause was given as either food poisoning or a stroke although no autopsy was performed. He was succeeded by his Vice-President Calvin Coolidge. President Coolidge continued Hardings tax cutting and tariff raising policies. This policy was so successful that the economy still continued to grow, and the huge Federal Debt built up during World War I, under Harding and Coolidge was reduced by 38% down to 16 billion dollars.
This was when the Federal Reserve started flooding the country with money, increasing the money supply by 62%.
1929
In April, Paul Warburg sent out a secret warning to his friends that a collapse and nationwide depression had been planned for later that year. It is certainly no coincidence that the biographies of all the Wall Street giants of that era: John D. Rockefeller; J. P. Morgan; Joseph Kennedy; Bernard Baruch; et al, all marveled at the fact these people got out of the stock market completely just before the crash and put their assets into cash or gold.
So, as all the bankers and their friends already knew, in August the Federal Reserve began to tighten the money supply. Then on 24th October the big New York bankers called in their 24 hour broker call loans. This meant that both the stockbrokers and their customers had to dump their stocks on the stock market to cover their loans, irrespective of what price they had to sell them for. As a result of this the stock market crashed on a day that would go down in history as, Black Thursday.
In only a few weeks from the day of the crash, 3 billion dollars of wealth vanished. Within a year, 40 billion dollars of wealth vanished. However, it did not simply disappear, it just ended up consolidated in fewer and fewer hands, as was planned. An example of this is Joseph P. Kennedy, John F. Kennedys father. In 1929 he was worth 4 million dollars (he had earned selling booze in Chicago during Prohibition). In 1935 that had increased to over 100 million dollars.
It also was spent overseas, as whilst the Great Depression was occurring, millions of American dollars was being spent on rebuilding Germany from damage sustained during World War I, in preparation for the bankers World War II. Republican Louis T. McFadden, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee from 1920 to 1931, stated the following in relation to this,
After World War I, Germany fell into the hands of the German International Bankers. Those bankers bought her and now they own her, lock, stock, and barrel. They have purchased her industries, they have mortgages on her soil, they control her production, they control all her public utilities. The international German bankers have subsidized the present Government of Germany and they have also supplied every dollar of the money Adolph Hitler has used in his lavish campaign to build up a threat to the government of Bruening. When Bruening fails to obey the orders of the German International Bankers, Hitler is brought forth to scare the Germans into submission
Through the Federal Reserve Board over 30 billion of dollars of American money has been pumped into Germany You have all heard of the spending that has taken place in Germany modernistic dwellings, her great planetariums, her gymnasiums, her swimming pools, her fine public highways, her perfect factories. All this was done on our money. All this was given to Germany through the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board has pumped so many billions of dollars into Germany that they dare not name the total.
1930
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) was established by Charles G. Dawes (Rothschild agent and Vice President under President Calvin Coolidge from 1925-1929), Owen D. Young (Rothschild agent, founder of RCA and Chairman of General Electric from 1922 until 1939), and Hjalmar Schacht of Germany (President of the Reichsbank).
The BIS is referred to the bankers as the, Central bank for the central banks. Whereas the IMF and the World Bank deal with governments, the BIS deals only with other central banks. All its meetings are held in secret and involve the top central bankers from around the world. For example the former head of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, would go to the BIS headquarters in Basel, Switzerland, ten times a year for these private meetings.
1932
Republican Representative Louis T. McFadden of Pennsylvania, the Former Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Commission during the great depression, states,
We have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board This evil institution has impoverished the people of the United States and has practically bankrupted our government. It has done this through the corrupt practices of the moneyed vultures who control it.
1936
On October 3, Republican Congressman, Louis T McFadden, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee, from 1920 to 1931, is poisoned to death. This was the third assassination attempt on his life, he had suffered an earlier poisoning and had had shots fired at him.
1944
In Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank (initially called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or IBRD the name, World Bank, was not actually adopted until 1975), were approved with full United States participation. The dollar is established as the World Currency to be used instead of precious metals. This enables The Federal Reserve to print and sell exponential amounts of dollars out of thin air to fill central banks throughout the world.
Further, the Bretton Woods Agreement enables the central bankers to manipulate the entire world economy by increasing and decreasing the supply of dollars as they choose.
1945
The second, League Of Nations, now renamed the, United Nations, was approved. The bankers, World War II, had been a success this time as a result of the physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion the world had felt after yet another World War. This blueprint for world government would soon have its own international court system as well.
June 4, 1963
President Kennedy signed a Presidential decree, Executive Order 11110. This order virtually stripped the Federal Reserve Bank of its power to loan money to the United States Government at interest. President Kennedy declared the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank would soon be out of business. This order gave the Treasury Department the authority to issue silver certificates against any silver in the treasury. This executive order still stands today.
November 22, 1963
In less than five months after signing that executive order President Kennedy was assassinated. The United States Notes (silver certificates) he had issued were taken out of circulation immediately. Federal Reserve Notes continued to serve as the legal currency of this nation. It is estimated that 99% of all U.S. paper currency circulating in 1999 are Federal Reserve Notes.
1971
All the pure gold had been secretly moved from Fort Knox, sold to international money changers for the $35 per ounce price, and is believed to now be kept in London.
1972
In response to French President Charles deGauls demand to exchange French-owned dollars for gold, USA President Richard Nixon decrees that the dollar is no longer backed by gold. From this moment on, The Federal Reserve is free to print or create out of thin air any amount of dollars they choose.
1974
A New York periodical publishes an article claiming that the Rockefeller family were manipulating the Federal Reserve for the purpose of selling off Fort Knox gold at bargain basement prices to anonymous European speculators. 3 days after the publication of this story, its anonymous source, long time secretary to Nelson Rockefeller, Louise Auchincloss Boyer, mysteriously fell to her death from the window of her ten story apartment block in New York.
1981
President Reagan was going to replace the Chairman of the Federal Reserve
Paul Volcker
March 30, 1981
Just 69 days into the presidency of Ronald Reagan. While leaving a speaking engagement at the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C., President Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley, Jr. After the attempted assassination President Reagan changed his stance on the Paul Volker issue.
1981
When President Ronald Reagan took office, his conservative friends suggested to him that he return to a gold standard, as a means to curbing government spending. President Reagan was on board with this idea and so he appointed a group of men called the, Gold Commission, to undertake a feasibility study and report their findings back to Congress.
1982
The Grace Commission Report reports back to Congress and makes the following shocking statements concerning gold:
The U. S. Treasury owned no gold at all. All the gold that was left in Fort Knox was now owned by the Federal Reserve, a group of private bankers, as collateral against the National Debt.
One hundred percent of what is collected is absorbed solely by interest on the Federal debt and by the Federal Government contributions to transfer payments. In other words, all individual income tax revenues are gone before one nickel is spent on services which taxpayers expect from their Government
1987
Edmond de Rothschild creates the World Conservation Bank which is designed to transfer debts from third world countries to this bank and in return those countries would give land to this bank. This is designed so the Rothschilds can gain control of the third world which represents 30% of the land surface of the Earth.
1991
At the Bilderberg Conference on June 6 to 9, in Baden-Baden, Germany, David Rockefeller made the following statement,
We are grateful to the Washington Post, the New York Times, Time Magazine, and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost 40 years. It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world, if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years.
But the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The super-national sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries.
1994
USA dragged into BIS. The BIS has the status of a sovereign power and is immune from governmental control. I repeat my preceding entry from 1930: the Central bank for the central banks. Whereas the IMF and the World Bank deal with governments, the BIS deals only with other central banks. All its meetings are held in secret and involve the top central bankers from around the world.
A summary of this immunity is listed below:
Diplomatic immunity for persons and what they carry with them (i.e., diplomatic pouches).
No taxation on any transactions, including salaries paid to employees.
Embassy-type immunity for all buildings and/or offices operated by the BIS worldwide including China and Mexico.
No oversight or knowledge of operations by any government authority, they are not audited.
Freedom from immigration restrictions.
Freedom to encrypt any and all communications of any sort.
Freedom from any legal jurisdiction, they even have their own police force.
BIS current board of directors, only five of which are elected and the rest of which are permanent, are:
Nout H E M Wellink, Amsterdam (Chairman of the Board of Directors)
Hans Tietmeyer, Frankfurt am Main (Vice-Chairman)
Axel Weber, Frankfurt am Main
Vincenzo Desario, Rome
Antonio Fazio, Rome
David Dodge, Ottawa
Toshihiko Fukui, Tokyo
Timothy F Geithner, New York
Alan Greenspan, Washington
Lord George, London
Hervé Hannoun, Paris
Christian Noyer, Paris
Lars Heikensten, Stockholm
Mervyn King, London
Guy Quaden, Brussels
Jean-Pierre Roth, Zürich
Alfons Vicomte Verplaetse, Brussels
Today
The Primary Owners of the Federal Reserve Bank Are:
- Rothschilds of London and Berlin
2. Lazard Brothers of Paris
3. Israel Moses Seaf of Italy
4. Kuhn, Loeb & Co. of Germany and New York
5. Warburg & Company of Hamburg, Germany
6. Lehman Brothers of New York
7. Goldman, Sachs of New York
8. Rockefeller Brothers of New York
The primary owners are branches of European establishments. Foreigners control the United States Money supply. They literally own exclusive rights to the dollar and simply enter dollars into their banks books to make money which they then lend back to us at a profit. For them money does not grow on trees, it is simply a data entry into their account.
Clearly the private ownership of the U.S. Dollar is by far The Greatest Crime of the Century. The owners of this bank have been responsible for instigating all the major wars and depressions in the last 100 years. They own the bank, they own the dollar and they own all the major media channels, the military industrial complex and most politicians, judges and cops.
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